Nkwụnye na chaja maka chaja EV: Mikpuo n'ime teknụzụ
Ka ụgbọ ala eletrik (EVs) na-enweta traktị n'ụwa niile, a na-elekwasị anya na ahụmịhe chaja na-enweghị ntụpọ na nke ọma abawanyela. Plug and Charge (PnC) bụ teknụzụ na-agbanwe egwuregwu nke na-enye ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala ohere itinye EV ha n'ime chaja wee malite chaja na-achọghị kaadị, ngwa, ma ọ bụ ntinye akwụkwọ ntuziaka. Ọ na-akpaghị aka nyocha, ikike, na ịkwụ ụgwọ, na-ebuga ahụmịhe onye ọrụ dị ka nghọta dị ka ịgbanye ụgbọ ala nwere mmanụ mmanụ. Edemede a na-enyocha nkwado teknụzụ, ụkpụrụ, usoro, uru, ihe ịma aka, yana ikike nke Plug na Charge n'ọdịnihu.
Kedu ihe bụ Plug and Charge?
Plug and Charge bụ teknụzụ ịchaji nwere ọgụgụ isi nke na-eme ka nkwurịta okwu echekwara akpaghị aka n'etiti EV na ọdụ chaja. Site na iwepu mkpa maka kaadị RFID, ngwa mkpanaaka, ma ọ bụ nyocha koodu QR, PnC na-ahapụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala bido chaja site na ijikọ naanị eriri. Sistemu na-enyocha ụgbọ ala ahụ, na-akparịta ụka n'ịkwụ ụgwọ, yana usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ - niile na sekọnd.
Ebumnuche bụ isi nke Plug na Charge bụ:
● Mfe:Usoro na-enweghị nsogbu nke na-egosipụta ịdị mfe nke ịgbanye ụgbọ ala ọdịnala.
●Nchekwa:Izo ya ezo na nyocha siri ike iji chebe data onye ọrụ na azụmahịa.
●Mmekọrịta:Usoro ahaziri ahazi maka chaja enweghị nkebi n'ofe ụdị na mpaghara.
Kedu ka nkwụnye na chaja si arụ ọrụ: ndakpọ teknụzụ
N'isi ya, Plug na Charge na-adabere na ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ (ọkachasị ISO 15118) naakụrụngwa igodo ọha (PKI)iji kwado nzikọrịta ozi echekwara n'etiti ụgbọ ala, chaja na sistemu igwe ojii. Nke a bụ nlele zuru oke na nhazi teknụzụ ya:
1. Isi ọkọlọtọ: ISO 15118
ISO 15118 Interface nkwukọrịta ụgbọ ala gaa na grid (V2G CI), bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke Plug na Charge. Ọ na-akọwapụta ka EVs na ọdụ chaja si akpakọrịta:
● oyi akwa anụ ahụ:A na-ebufe data n'elu eriri nchaji site na ijiNkwukọrịta Ọkụ Ike (PLC), na-emekarị site na HomePlug Green PHY protocol, ma ọ bụ site na Control Pilot (CP).
● Layer ngwa:Na-ejikwa nyocha, mkparita uka nchaji (dịka, ọkwa ike, ogologo oge), na ikike ịkwụ ụgwọ.
● oyi akwa nchekwa:Na-arụ ọrụ Transport Layer Security (TLS) na asambodo dijitalụ iji hụ na nkwurịta okwu ezoro ezo, na-emebi emebi.
ISO 15118-2 (na-ekpuchi AC na DC chaja) na ISO 15118-20 (na-akwado atụmatụ dị elu dị ka chaja bidirectional) bụ ụdị mbụ na-enyere PnC aka.
2. Akụrụngwa igodo ọha (PKI)
PnC na-eji PKI jikwaa asambodo dijitalụ yana njirimara echedoro:
● Asambodo dijitalụ:Ụgbọ ala na chaja ọ bụla nwere asambodo pụrụ iche, na-eme dị ka NJ dijitalụ, nke onye tụkwasịrị obi nyereAkwụkwọ ikike (CA).
● Chain asambodo:Nwere mgbọrọgwụ, etiti, na asambodo ngwaọrụ, na-akpụ agbụ ntụkwasị obi nwere ike ikwenye.
● Usoro nkwenye: Na njikọ, ụgbọ ala na chaja na-agbanwe asambodo iji nyochaa ibe ha, na-ahụ na ọ bụ naanị ngwaọrụ enyere ikike na-ekwurịta okwu.
3. Ngwa sistemu
● Ụgbọ ala eletrik (EV):Ejiri modul nkwukọrịta kwekọrọ na ISO 15118 yana mgbawa echekwara maka ịchekwa asambodo.
●Ụlọ Nchaji (EVSE):Na-egosipụta modul PLC na njikọ ịntanetị maka nkwukọrịta ụgbọ ala na igwe ojii.
●Onye ọrụ Charge Point (CPO):Na-ejikwa netwọk nchaji, njikwa asambodo na ịgba ụgwọ.
●Onye na-eweta ọrụ ngagharị (MSP): Na-elekọta akaụntụ onye ọrụ na ịkwụ ụgwọ, mgbe mgbe na mmekorita ya na ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala.
● Ebe V2G PKI:Okwu, mmelite na kagbuo asambodo iji jikwaa nchekwa sistemụ.
4. Usoro ọrụ
●Njikọ anụ ahụ:Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-atụnye eriri chaja n'ime ụgbọ ala ahụ, chaja na-ewepụta njikọ nkwukọrịta site na PLC.
● Nyocha:Ụgbọ ala na chaja na-agbanwe asambodo dijitalụ, na-enyocha njirimara site na iji PKI.
● Mkparịta ụka oke:Ụgbọala ahụ na-ekwupụta mkpa chaja ya (dịka, ike, ọnọdụ batrị), na chaja na-akwado ike na ọnụahịa dị.
● Ikike na ịgba ụgwọ:Chaja na-ejikọ na CPO na MSP site na igwe ojii iji nyochaa akaụntụ onye ọrụ wee nye ikike chajị.
● Nchaji na-amalite:Nnyefe ike na-amalite, na nleba anya oge nke nnọkọ.
● Mmecha na ịkwụ ụgwọ:Ozugbo nchaji gwụchara, sistemụ ahụ na-edozi ụgwọ ahụ na-akpaghị aka, na-achọghị enyemaka onye ọrụ.
Isi nkọwa nka na ụzụ
1. Nkwukọrịta: Nkwukọrịta Ike Line (PLC)
●Ka o si arụ ọrụ:PLC na-ebufe data n'elu eriri chaja, na-ewepụ mkpa maka ahịrị nkwukọrịta dị iche iche. HomePlug Green PHY na-akwado ihe ruru 10 Mbps, zuru ezu maka ihe achọrọ ISO 15118.
●Uru:Na-eme ka nhazi ngwaike dị mfe ma belata ụgwọ ọrụ; na-arụ ọrụ na ma AC na DC chaja.
●Ihe ịma aka:Ogo USB na nnyonye anya electromagnetic nwere ike imetụta ntụkwasị obi, na-achọ eriri na nzacha dị elu.
2. Usoro nchekwa
●TLS nzuzo:Ezobere data niile site na iji TLS iji gbochie nchichi ma ọ bụ imebi.
●mbinye aka dijitalụ:Ụgbọala na chaja na-eji igodo nzuzo na-abanye ozi iji chọpụta izi ezi na izi ezi.
●Njikwa asambodo:Asambodo chọrọ mmelite oge (nke na-abụkarị afọ 1-2 ọ bụla), ma kagbuo ma ọ bụ mebie asambodo ka a na-esochi site na Ndepụta mweghachi Asambodo (CRL).
●Ihe ịma aka:Ijikwa asambodo n'ogo nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya yana ọnụ ahịa, ọkachasị n'ofe mpaghara na ụdị.
3. Interoperability na Standardization
●Nkwado akara akara:ISO 15118 bụ ọkọlọtọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, mana sistemụ PKI dị iche iche (dịka, Hubject, Gireve) chọrọ nnwale interoperability iji hụ na ndakọrịta.
●Ndịiche mpaghara:Ọ bụ ezie na North America na Europe na-agbaso ISO 15118, ụfọdụ ahịa dị ka China na-eji ụkpụrụ ọzọ (dịka, GB/T), na-eme ka nhazi zuru ụwa ọnụ.
4. Advanced Atụmatụ
●Ọnụ ahịa dị ike:PnC na-akwado mmezi ọnụahịa ozugbo dabere na mkpa grid ma ọ bụ oge ụbọchị, na-ebuli ụgwọ maka ndị ọrụ.
●Nchaji ụzọ abụọ (V2G):ISO 15118-20 na-enyere aka ịrụ ọrụ ụgbọ-na-grid, na-enye ohere ka EV na-enye ike azụ azụ na grid.
●Nchaji ikuku:Ntugharị n'ọdịnihu nwere ike ịgbatị PnC gaa na ọnọdụ chaja ikuku.
Uru nke Plug na Charge
● Ahụmịhe onye ọrụ emelitere:
● Na-ewepụ mkpa ngwa ma ọ bụ kaadị, na-eme ka chaja dị mfe dị ka nkwụnye.
● Na-akwado nchaji enweghị nkebi gafee ụdị na mpaghara dị iche iche, na-ebelata nkewa.
● Ịrụ ọrụ na ọgụgụ isi:
● Na-emezi usoro a, na-ebelata oge ntọlite na ịkwalite ọnụego ntụgharị chaja.
● Na-akwado ọnụ ahịa dị ike yana nhazi oge amamihe iji kwalite ojiji grid.
● Nchekwa siri ike:
● Nzikọrịta ozi ezoro ezo na asambodo dijitalụ na-ebelata wayo na mmebi data.
● Na-ezere ịdabere na koodu Wi-Fi ọha ma ọ bụ QR, na-ebelata ihe egwu cybersecurity.
● Ngosipụta n'ọdịniihu:
● Na-ejikọta ya na teknụzụ na-apụta dị ka V2G, chaja na-ebugharị AI, na sistemụ ume ọhụrụ, na-emeghe ụzọ maka grids ka mma.
Ihe ịma aka nke nkwụnye na chaja
●Ọnụ akụrụngwa:
●Ịkwalite chaja ihe nketa iji kwado ISO 15118 na PLC chọrọ itinye ego ngwaike na ngwa ngwa.
●Ịkwanye sistemu PKI na ijikwa asambodo na-agbakwunye mmefu arụmọrụ.
●Ihe mgbochi imekọrịta ihe:
●Ọdịiche dị na mmejuputa PKI (dịka, Hubject vs. CharIN) nwere ike ịmepụta okwu ndakọrịta, chọrọ nhazi ụlọ ọrụ.
●Protocol na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ na ahịa dị ka China na Japan na-amachi otu mba ụwa.
● Ihe mgbochi nkuchi:
●Ọ bụghị EV niile na-akwado PnC site na igbe; Ụdị ochie nwere ike ịchọ mmelite ikuku ma ọ bụ nrụgharị ngwaike.
●Ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịmaghị PnC ma ọ bụ nwee nchegbu gbasara nzuzo data yana nchekwa asambodo.
● Mgbagwoju anya njikwa asambodo:
●Imelite, ịkagbu na imekọrịta asambodo n'ofe mpaghara chọrọ sistemu nkwado siri ike.
●Asambodo furu efu ma ọ bụ mebie nwere ike ịkpaghasị nchaji, na-achọ nhọrọ ọdịda dị ka ikike dabere na ngwa.
Ọmụmaatụ Steeti dị ugbu a na n'ezie n'ụwa
1. Nkuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ
● Europe:Igwe nkwunye & chaja nke Hubject bụ gburugburu PnC kachasị ukwuu, na-akwado ụdị dị ka Volkswagen, BMW, na Tesla. Germany nyere iwu nnabata ISO 15118 maka chaja ọhụrụ malite na 2024.
● North America:Netwọk Supercharger nke Tesla na-enye ahụmịhe dị ka PnC site na ID ụgbọ ala na njikọ akaụntụ. Ford na GM na-ewepụta ụkpụrụ ISO 15118 kwekọrọ.
●China:Companieslọ ọrụ dị ka NIO na BYD na-arụ ọrụ yiri nke ahụ n'ime netwọkụ nwe ha, n'agbanyeghị na dabere na ụkpụrụ GB/T, na-amachi mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ.
2. Mmejuputa a ma ama
●Volkswagen ID. Usoro:Modelsdị dị ka ID.4 na ID.Buzz na-akwado Plug na Charge site na ikpo okwu We Charge, jikọtara ya na Hubject, na-eme ka chaja enweghị nkebi gafee ọtụtụ puku ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Europe.
● Tesla:Usoro ikike nke Tesla na-enye ahụmịhe dị ka PnC site na ijikọ akaụntụ onye ọrụ na ụgbọ ala maka nyocha akpaka na ịgba ụgwọ.
● Mee ka America nwee ọkụ:Netwọk chaja ọha nke North America kwuputara nkwado ISO 15118 zuru oke na 2024, na-ekpuchi chaja ngwa ngwa DC ya.
Ọdịnihu nke nkwụnye na ụgwọ
● Ọkọlọtọ agbakwunyere:
●Nkwenye zuru oke nke ISO 15118 ga-ejikọta netwọkụ chaja zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-ebelata esemokwu mpaghara.
●Ndị otu dị ka CharIN na Open Charge Alliance na-anya nnwale nnabata n'ofe ụdị.
● Mmekọrịta na Teknụzụ Na-apụta:
●Mgbasawanye V2G: PnC ga-eme ka ịchaji bidirectional, na-atụgharị EV ka ọ bụrụ nkeji nchekwa grid.
●AI kacha mma: AI nwere ike itinye PnC iji buo usoro nchaji wee bulie ọnụahịa na oke ike.
●Nchaji ikuku: Usoro PnC nwere ike ime mgbanwe na chaja ikuku siri ike maka okporo ụzọ na okporo ụzọ.
● Mbelata ọnụ ahịa na nha nha:
●A na-atụ anya na mmepụta nke ibe na modul nkwukọrịta ga-ebelata ọnụ ahịa ngwaike PnC site na 30%-50%.
●Ihe mkpali gọọmentị na imekọ ihe ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ ga-eme ka nkwalite chaja dị ngwa.
● Ntụkwasị Obi Onye Ọrụ:
●Ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala na ndị na-arụ ọrụ ga-akụziri ndị ọrụ uru na atụmatụ nchekwa PnC.
●Ụzọ nyocha azụghachi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwa ma ọ bụ NFC) ga-ejikọta oghere ahụ n'oge mgbanwe.
Ọdịnihu nke nkwụnye na ụgwọ
Nkwụnye na Charge na-agbanwe odida obodo chaja EV site na ibuga ahụmihe enweghị nkebi, echekwara na nke ọma. Ewubere na ọkọlọtọ ISO 15118, nchekwa PKI na nkwukọrịta akpaaka, ọ na-ewepụ esemokwu nke ụzọ cha cha ọdịnala. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịma aka ndị dị ka ụgwọ akụrụngwa na mmekọrịta dị n'otu ka dị, uru teknụzụ-emelitere ahụmịhe onye ọrụ, scalability, na njikọta na smart grids—dobe ya dị ka isi nkuku nke gburugburu EV. Ka nhazi na nkuchi na-eme ngwa ngwa, Plug na Charge dị njikere ịghọ usoro chaja nke ndabara site na 2030, na-ebuga ngbanwe ahụ gaa n'ọdịdị nwere njikọ na nke ga-adigide.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-25-2025